CCNA - 15. Frame-Relay

@ CCNA - 15. Frame-Relay

 

 

 

tmp 폴더 내용 삭제 -> 다이나밉스 서버 실행 -> FR 실행 -> SecureCRT 접속 실시 -> 'FR Preconfig.txt' Copyt & Paste

 

 

 

 

@FR Preconfig.txt

@Frame-Relay.txt

 

 

 

 

 

[실습 환경] 

 

 

 

 

1. Frame-Relay

 

 - Layer 2 계층 WAN 구간 서비스
 - Multi Access 지원 & 전용 회선 보다 통신 비용이 저렴하다.
 - 패켓 스위칭 서비스 : IP 라우팅 서비스(L3)가 아닌, L2 스위칭 방식
 - Ex) Frame-Relay | IP | TCP | DATA
        ------------- DLCI 주소 : Frame-Relay 주소

 

 

 

2. Frame-Relay 구성 요소

 

 - Frame-Relay 스위치 : Serial 인터페이스가 많은 라우터가 적합하다.
 - Frame-Relay 가입자 라우터 : Serial 인터페이스가 있는 라우터

 

 

 

3. Frame-Relay 스위치 구성 방법

 

@ FRSW

 

conf t

frame-relay switching
!
int s1/1
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 102 interface s1/2 201
 frame-relay route 103 interface s1/3 301
 no shutdown
!
int s1/2
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 201 interface s1/1 102
 frame-relay route 203 interface s1/3 302
 no shutdown
!
int s1/3
 encapsulation frame-relay
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 302 interface s1/2 203
 frame-relay route 301 interface s1/1 103
 no shutdown

 

FRSW#show run

FRSW#show frame-relay route
Input Intf      Input Dlci      Output Intf     Output Dlci     Status
Serial1/1       102             Serial1/2       201             inactive
Serial1/1       103             Serial1/3       301             inactive
Serial1/2       201             Serial1/1       102             inactive
Serial1/2       203             Serial1/3       302             inactive
Serial1/3       301             Serial1/1       103             inactive
Serial1/3       302             Serial1/2       203             inactive

 

 

 

4. 'inverse-arp'를 이용한 가입자 라우터 설정 및 풀-메쉬 PVC 구성

 

 1) 'inverse-arp'를 이용한 동적 설정

 

@ R1

 

int s1/0
 ip address 13.13.9.1 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no shutdown

 

@ R2

 

int s1/0
 ip address 13.13.9.2 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no shutdown

 

@ R3

 

int s1/0
 ip address 13.13.9.3 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no shutdown

 

R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active

 

R2#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.3 dlci 203(0xCB,0x30B0), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active

 

R3#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.2 dlci 302(0x12E,0x48E0), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active

 

 

R1#ping 13.13.9.1 <- X
R1#ping 13.13.9.2
R1#ping 13.13.9.3

 

R2#ping 13.13.9.1
R2#ping 13.13.9.2 <- X
R2#ping 13.13.9.3

 

R3#ping 13.13.9.1
R3#ping 13.13.9.2
R3#ping 13.13.9.2 <- X

 

 

 - 디버깅 확인

 

R1#debug frame-relay packet
Frame Relay packet debugging is on

R1#ping 13.13.9.2 repeat 1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.9.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!
Success rate is 100 percent (1/1), round-trip min/avg/max = 112/112/112 ms
R1#
*Mar  1 00:10:15.587: Serial1/0(o): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar  1 00:10:15.695: Serial1/0(i): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104

R1#ping 13.13.9.3 repeat 1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.9.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!
Success rate is 100 percent (1/1), round-trip min/avg/max = 92/92/92 ms
R1#
R1#
*Mar  1 00:10:35.203: Serial1/0(o): dlci 103(0x1871), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar  1 00:10:35.291: Serial1/0(i): dlci 103(0x1871), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104

 

 

[참고] 'inverse-arp'를 하기 위한 LMI 신호 메세지 확인

 

R1#debug frame-relay lmi
Frame Relay LMI debugging is on
Displaying all Frame Relay LMI data

R1#
*Mar  1 00:17:51.215: Serial1/0(in): Status, myseq 49, pak size 29
*Mar  1 00:17:51.215: RT IE 1, length 1, type 0
*Mar  1 00:17:51.219: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 49, myseq 49
*Mar  1 00:17:51.219: PVC IE 0x7 , length 0x6 , dlci 102, status 0x2 , bw 0
*Mar  1 00:17:51.223: PVC IE 0x7 , length 0x6 , dlci 103, status 0x2 , bw 0

R1#no debug frame-relay lmi
Frame Relay LMI debugging is off
Displaying all Frame Relay LMI data

 

R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active

 

 

[참고] 로컬 Serial 1/0 인터페이스로 Ping 테스트

 

R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active

R1#ping 13.13.9.1 repeat 1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.9.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

*Mar  1 00:11:06.039: Serial1/0:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP).
Success rate is 0 percent (0/1)

 

 

 - 로컬 Serial 1/0 인터페이스로 패켓 전송 가능하도록 하는 설정 추가

 

@ R1

 

int s1/0
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.1 102

 

 

R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.1 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,
              CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active

 

 

R1#ping 13.13.9.1 repeat 1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.9.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!
Success rate is 100 percent (1/1), round-trip min/avg/max = 124/124/124 ms
R1#
*Mar  1 00:12:19.259: Serial1/0(o): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar  1 00:12:19.315: Serial1/0(i): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 60
*Mar  1 00:12:19.319: Serial1/0(i): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104
*Mar  1 00:12:19.323: Serial1/0(o): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar  1 00:12:19.379: Serial1/0(i): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104

R1#undebug all
All possible debugging has been turned off

 

 

 2) Frame-Relay 스위치 테이블 상태 확인

 

FRSW#show frame-relay route
Input Intf      Input Dlci      Output Intf     Output Dlci     Status
Serial1/1       102             Serial1/2       201             active
Serial1/1       103             Serial1/3       301             active
Serial1/2       201             Serial1/1       102             active
Serial1/2       203             Serial1/3       302             active
Serial1/3       301             Serial1/1       103             active
Serial1/3       302             Serial1/2       203             active

 

 

 3) 가입자 라우터 PVC 확인

 

R1#show frame-relay pvc 102

PVC Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0

  input pkts 5             output pkts 4            in bytes 406      
  out bytes 346            dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0        
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0        
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0        
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0        
  out bcast pkts 1         out bcast bytes 34       
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  pvc create time 00:05:20, last time pvc status changed 00:05:00

 

R1#show frame-relay pvc 103

PVC Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0

  input pkts 3             output pkts 2            in bytes 172      
  out bytes 138            dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0        
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0        
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0        
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0        
  out bcast pkts 1         out bcast bytes 34       
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  pvc create time 00:05:43, last time pvc status changed 00:05:13

 

 

 4) 가입자 라우터 설정 초기화

 

@ R1, R2, R3

 

conf t
!
default int s1/0
!
int s1/0
 shutdown
!

 

 

 

 

5. 가입자 라우터 Frame-Relay map 정적 설정 및 Hub & Spoke PVC 구성

 

 1) Hub(R2) & Spoke(R1, R3) 구성 실시

 

@ R1

 

int s1/0
 ip address 13.13.9.1 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.2 102 broadcast
 no shutdown

 

@ R2

 

int s1/0
 ip address 13.13.9.2 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.1 201 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.3 203 broadcast
 no shutdown

 

@ R3

 

int s1/0
 ip address 13.13.9.3 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.2 302 broadcast
 no shutdown

 

 

R1,R2,R3#show run int s1/0

 

 

R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active

 

 

R2#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.3 dlci 203(0xCB,0x30B0), static,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active

 

 

R3#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 13.13.9.2 dlci 302(0x12E,0x48E0), static,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active

 

 

R1#ping 13.13.9.2
R1#ping 13.13.9.3 <- X

 

R2#ping 13.13.9.1
R2#ping 13.13.9.3

 

R3#ping 13.13.9.1 <- X
R3#ping 13.13.9.2

 

 

 2) R1, R3 구간 통신 가능하도록 추가 설정 실시

 

@ R1

 

int s1/0
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.3 102 broadcast

 

@ R3

 

int s1/0
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.1 302 broadcast

 

 

R1#show frame-relay map
R1#ping 13.13.9.3
R1#traceroute 13.13.9.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 13.13.9.3

  1 13.13.9.2 52 msec 40 msec 48 msec
  2 13.13.9.3 100 msec *  72 msec

 

R3#show frame-relay map
R3#ping 13.13.9.1
R3#traceroute 13.13.9.1

 

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 13.13.9.1

  1 13.13.9.2 56 msec 68 msec 60 msec
  2 13.13.9.1 96 msec *  80 msec

 

 

 

 3) 가입자 라우터 설정 초기화

 

@ R1, R2, R3

 

conf t
!
default int s1/0
!
int s1/0
 shutdown
!

 

 

 

6. 가입자 라우터 서브-인터페이스 'multipoint' 타입 설정

 

 1) 'multipoint' 타입 및 Hub(R2) & Spoke(R1,R3) 설정

 

@ R1

 

int s1/0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 no shutdown
!
int s1/0.123 multipoint
 ip address 13.13.9.1 255.255.255.0
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.2 102 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.3 102 broadcast

 

@ R2

 

int s1/0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 no shutdown
!
int s1/0.123 multipoint
 ip address 13.13.9.2 255.255.255.0
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.1 201 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.3 203 broadcast

 

@ R3

 

int s1/0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 no shutdown
!
int s1/0.123 multipoint
 ip address 13.13.9.3 255.255.255.0
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.2 302 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 13.13.9.1 302 broadcast

 

 

R1,R2,R3#show run
R1,R2,R3#show frame-relay map

 

R1#ping 13.13.9.2
R1#ping 13.13.9.3

 

R2#ping 13.13.9.1
R2#ping 13.13.9.3

 

R3#ping 13.13.9.1
R3#ping 13.13.9.2

 

 

 2) RIPv2 라우팅 업데이트 & 'Split-Horizon' 이해

 

@ R1, R2, R3

 

conf t
!
router rip
 version 2
 no auto-summary
 network 13.0.0.0
 passive-interface fa0/1
 end

 

 

 - R2는 R1과 R3로부터 라우팅 업데이트 정보를 수신함

 

R2#show ip route rip
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
R       13.13.11.0 [120/1] via 13.13.9.1, 00:00:09, Serial1/0.123
R       13.13.13.0 [120/1] via 13.13.9.3, 00:00:08, Serial1/0.123

 

R2#ping 13.13.11.1
R2#ping 13.13.13.3

 

 

 - R2에 'Split-Horizon'이 켜져있기 때문에, R2로부터 R3 정보(13.13.13.0/24)를 수신 못함

 

R1#show ip route rip
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R       13.13.12.0 [120/1] via 13.13.9.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/0.123

 

R1#ping 13.13.12.2
R1#ping 13.13.13.3 <- X

 

 - R2에 'Split-Horizon'이 켜져있기 때문에, R2로부터 R1 정보(13.13.11.0/24)를 수신 못함

 

R3#show ip route rip
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R       13.13.12.0 [120/1] via 13.13.9.2, 00:00:21, Serial1/0.123

 

R3#ping 13.13.12.2
R3#ping 13.13.11.1 <- X

 

 

 3) Hub(R2) S1/0.123 인터페이스 'Split-Horizon' 해지 실시

 

R2#show ip int s1/0.123
Serial1/0.123 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet address is 13.13.9.2/24
  Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
  Address determined by setup command
  MTU is 1500 bytes
  Helper address is not set
  Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
  Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.9
  Outgoing access list is not set
  Inbound  access list is not set
  Proxy ARP is enabled
  Local Proxy ARP is disabled
  Security level is default
  Split horizon is enabled
  ICMP redirects are always sent
~ 중간 생략 ~

 

 

@ R2

 

conf t
!
int s1/0.123
 no ip split-horizon

 

 

R2#show ip int s1/0.123
Serial1/0.123 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet address is 13.13.9.2/24
  Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
  Address determined by setup command
  MTU is 1500 bytes
  Helper address is not set
  Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
  Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.9
  Outgoing access list is not set
  Inbound  access list is not set
  Proxy ARP is enabled
  Local Proxy ARP is disabled
  Security level is default
  Split horizon is disabled
  ICMP redirects are always sent
~ 중간 생략 ~

 

R1#show ip route rip
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
R       13.13.12.0 [120/1] via 13.13.9.2, 00:00:07, Serial1/0.123
R       13.13.13.0 [120/2] via 13.13.9.3, 00:00:07, Serial1/0.123

 

R1#ping 13.13.13.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.13.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 76/86/96 ms

 

 

R3#show ip route rip
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
R       13.13.11.0 [120/2] via 13.13.9.1, 00:00:19, Serial1/0.123
R       13.13.12.0 [120/1] via 13.13.9.2, 00:00:19, Serial1/0.123

 

R3#ping 13.13.11.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.11.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 76/84/112 ms

 

 

[참고] EIGRP 100 구성

 

@ R1, R2, R3

 

conf t
!
no router rip
!
router eigrp 100
 no auto-summary
 network 13.0.0.0
 passive-interface fa0/1
 end

 

 

R1,R2,R3#show ip eigrp neighbor

 

 

R2#show ip route eigrp
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
D       13.13.11.0 [90/2195456] via 13.13.9.1, 00:00:30, Serial1/0.123
D       13.13.13.0 [90/2195456] via 13.13.9.3, 00:00:31, Serial1/0.123

 

R2#ping 13.13.11.1
R2#ping 13.13.13.3

 

R1#show ip route eigrp
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
D       13.13.12.0 [90/2195456] via 13.13.9.2, 00:00:40, Serial1/0.123

 

R1#ping 13.13.12.2
R1#ping 13.13.13.3 <- X

 

R3#show ip route eigrp
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
D       13.13.12.0 [90/2195456] via 13.13.9.2, 00:00:44, Serial1/0.123

 

R3#ping 13.13.12.2
R3#ping 13.13.11.1 <- X

 

 

 - EIGRP도 'Split-Horizon'를 사용한다. 그렇기 때문에 Hub(R2)에서 'Split-Horizon'을 해지해야 한다.

 

@ R2

 

int s1/0.123
 no ip split-horizon eigrp 100

 

 

R1#show ip route eigrp
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
D       13.13.12.0 [90/2195456] via 13.13.9.2, 00:02:44, Serial1/0.123
D       13.13.13.0 [90/2707456] via 13.13.9.2, 00:00:04, Serial1/0.123

 

R1#ping 13.13.13.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.13.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 68/77/104 ms

 

R3#show ip route eigrp
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
D       13.13.11.0 [90/2707456] via 13.13.9.2, 00:00:12, Serial1/0.123
D       13.13.12.0 [90/2195456] via 13.13.9.2, 00:02:53, Serial1/0.123

 

R3#ping 13.13.11.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.11.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 68/72/76 ms

 

 

 4) 가입자 라우터 설정 초기화

 

@ R1, R2, R3

 

conf t
!
default int s1/0
!
int s1/0
 shutdown
!

 

 

 

7. 가입자 라우터 서브-인터페이스 'point-to-point' 타입 설정

 

 

102                      201                             203                    302  R1[S1/0.12]-------------------[S1/0.12]R2[S1/0.23]-------------------[S1/0.23]R3     13.13.9.1/24                    13.13.9.2/24       13.13.8.2/24                    13.13.8.3/24

 

 

 

 1) 'point-to-point' 타입 설정

 

@ R1

 

int s1/0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 no shutdown
!
int s1/0.12 point-to-point
 ip address 13.13.9.1 255.255.255.0
 frame-relay interface-dlci 102

 

@ R2

 

int s1/0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 no shutdown
!
int s1/0.12 point-to-point
 ip address 13.13.9.2 255.255.255.0
 frame-relay interface-dlci 201
!
int s1/0.23 point-to-point
 ip address 13.13.8.2 255.255.255.0
 frame-relay interface-dlci 203

 

@ R3

 

int s1/0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
 no shutdown
!
int s1/0.23 point-to-point
 ip address 13.13.8.3 255.255.255.0
 frame-relay interface-dlci 302

 

 

R1,R2,R3#show run
R1,R2,R3#show frame-relay

 

R2#ping 13.13.9.1
R2#ping 13.13.8.3

 

 

R1,R2,R3#show ip eigrp neighbor
R1,R2,R3#show ip route

 

R1#ping 13.13.12.2
R1#ping 13.13.13.3

 

R2#ping 13.13.11.1
R2#ping 13.13.13.3

 

R3#ping 13.13.12.2
R3#ping 13.13.11.1

 

 

 

[참고] 서브-인터페이스 삭제 및 복구

 

 - 서브 인터페이스는 'no' 명령어를 이용하여 삭제할 수 있다. 그러나 다시 복구되면 기존의 타입으로 복구 된다.
 
R1(config)#no int s1/0.12
Not all config may be removed and may reappear after reactivating the sub-interface
R1(config)#
R1(config)#int s1/0.12 multipoint
% Warning:  cannot change link type
R1(config-subif)#
R1(config-subif)#do sh run int s1/0.12
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 45 bytes
!
interface Serial1/0.12 point-to-point
end

 

R1(config-subif)#

 

 - 만약, s1/0.12 서브-인터페이스를 'multipoint 타입으로 변경하려면, 서브-인터페이스를 삭제하고 재부팅하여 재설정

한다.